Magnesium deficiency is a silent health risk, associated with DNA damage that can have far-reaching effects on long-term health. Recent research highlights magnesium’s crucial role in protecting genetic material, promoting cellular health, and supporting the prevention of chronic diseases.

The role of magnesium in health and disease has been the subject of a multitude of research. This was covered in previous articles.

Magnesium’s Role in DNA Integrity and Cellular Health

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body, essential for over 300 enzymatic reactions, from protein synthesis to muscle relaxation and energy production. It also supports genomic stability and protects against DNA damage. When magnesium levels fall short, it can lead to detrimental changes in cellular health, including oxidative stress, DNA strand breaks, and accelerated cellular ageing.

One of magnesium’s core functions is its role as a cofactor in DNA repair enzymes, which correct errors in DNA sequences and protect against mutations. By binding to these enzymes, magnesium stabilises their structure, facilitating efficient repair processes. Without adequate magnesium, DNA repair slows down, allowing damage to accumulate, which can contribute to age-related diseases, cancer, and neurological conditions over time.

How Magnesium Deficiency Leads to DNA Damage

1. Increased Homocysteine Levels
   Magnesium deficiency has been correlated with elevated homocysteine, an amino acid that, at high levels, is associated with DNA damage and cardiovascular disease. Elevated homocysteine can increase oxidative stress, which harms DNA by producing free radicals that damage cellular structures.

   Elevated homocysteine may also indicate poor cellular detoxification and methylation, often associated with genetic predisposition and nutrient deficiencies.[1,2]

2. Oxidative Stress and Cellular Ageing
   Magnesium also functions as a critical antioxidant. When levels drop, antioxidant defences weaken, leaving DNA vulnerable to oxidative stress — the production of free radicals overwhelms the body’s defence mechanisms. This is directly linked to cellular ageing and various degenerative diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular disease.

3. Telomere Integrity and Cellular Lifespan
   Research shows magnesium deficiency may activate quicker telomere shortening, which occurs naturally as cells divide and is associated with ageing and age-related illnesses.

Studies: Magnesium and DNA Health

In a pivotal study published in the European Journal of Nutrition, researchers investigated the connection between magnesium levels, homocysteine, and DNA damage. This study, which included 172 healthy adults aged 35-65, found a significant correlation between low magnesium and increased DNA damage markers. It also highlighted gender-based differences in nutrient absorption and DNA vulnerability: males in the study displayed slightly higher homocysteine levels and lower folate and B12 levels, while women exhibited higher DNA damage markers, suggesting potential differences in nutrient requirements or absorption between genders.

The results help to understand the negative impact of low magnesium, alone or in conjunction with high homocysteine, and its effect on DNA instability. This finding is critical because it demonstrates that magnesium plays a key role in supporting general health and safeguarding the integrity of our genetic material.

Magnesium Deficiency

Although magnesium is found in leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, deficiencies are common among all ager groups, affecting up to 30% of the population in developed nations. Here are some reasons why:

1. Soil Depletion
   Modern agricultural practices, including the excessive use of pesticides and herbicides and monocropping, have depleted soils of essential nutrients, including magnesium. As a result, even fresh produce grown in nutrient-poor soil may contain lower magnesium levels than it once did.

   This was known over 3 decades and yet nothing has been done. It is also expected we have fewer than 50 years of topsoil before the earth becomes sterile.

2. Increased Reliance on Processed Foods
   Diets high in processed foods are generally low in magnesium. Ultra-processed foods often lack essential minerals, while nutrient-rich whole foods like leafy greens are frequently replaced with refined products.

   Enriched foods contain synthetic additives, including vitamins, often derived from petrochemicals (not from food sources) and, therefore, may not be recognised by the body, efficiently absorbed and utilised.

3. Health Conditions and Age-Related Absorption Issues
   Chronic health conditions like Type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, and even natural ageing can impair the body’s ability to absorb magnesium efficiently. This reduced absorption exacerbates the likelihood of deficiency, even when dietary intake is sufficient.

   Low stomach juice levels are also a problem because hydrochloride acid is essential to absorb minerals in the intestines. Stomach acid-reducing drugs, like Omeprazole and antacids, will prevent the absorption of minerals, including iron, zinc and magnesium.

4. Medication Interference
   More than just acid-lowering drugs are a problem. Certain medications, such as diuretics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and antibiotics, can interfere with magnesium absorption or increase magnesium excretion, increasing the risk of deficiency.

Recognising the Signs and Symptoms of Deficiency

Magnesium deficiency often goes undiagnosed due to subtle symptoms that can be attributed to other conditions. Here are some common symptoms:

• Physical Symptoms: Fatigue, muscle cramps, and weakness.

• Neurological Signs: Anxiety, irritability, and difficulty focusing.

• Sleep Disturbances: Poor sleep quality and insomnia, possibly linked to elevated homocysteine and histamine.

• Cardiovascular Effects: Increased risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular issues.

Addressing Magnesium Deficiency

1. Prioritise a Magnesium-Rich Diet
Consuming magnesium-rich foods daily is essential to combat deficiency. Include more dark leafy greens, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and legumes in your diet. However, it’s worth noting that the magnesium content of plant foods can vary depending on soil quality.

Many experts and nutritionists recommend consuming green vegetables with every meal. Aim for one portion and increase to two or three portions of brassicas (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbages, cauliflower, cavolo nero, kale, spring/collard greens, radishes (and their greens), rocket and mustard leaves).

2. Consider Supplementation
Magnesium supplementation is vital for individuals unable to meet their magnesium needs through diet alone — especially those with absorption issues or restrictive diets. Opt for bioavailable forms like magnesium citrate or magnesium glycinate, which are generally well-absorbed and easy on the stomach and can help restore sleep patterns.

3. Regular Health Monitoring
Monitor magnesium levels, particularly if you have any conditions impairing absorption or take medications that affect magnesium absorption and plasma concentrations.

Blood tests can provide insight, though magnesium deficiency is often best assessed by considering symptoms and dietary intake alongside lab results.

The Bigger Picture: Magnesium and Holistic Health

Maintaining optimal magnesium levels is essential for DNA stability, but this is just one part of magnesium’s health benefits. Ensuring sufficient magnesium can enhance bone density, improve cardiovascular health, regulate blood sugar, and even reduce migraine frequency.

As researchers continue to explore magnesium’s impact on cellular and genetic health, it’s becoming clear that this mineral is vital for overall well-being and mental health.

Conclusion:

Magnesium deficiency is a significant threat to DNA integrity, potentially accelerating ageing or participating in chronic disease and poor cellular detoxification and health.

Given its importance, addressing magnesium deficiency through a nutrient-dense diet, supplementation, and lifestyle modifications should be a priority for anyone committed to optimal health.

Sources:

Sanchez, O. (2021). Energise - 30 Days to Vitality. Nutrunity Pulshing, London.

Sanchez, O. (2023). Detox before Energise. Nutrunity Pulshing, London.

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/

https://www.edgehill.ac.uk/news/2023/01/magnesium-what-you-need-to-know-about-this-important-micronutrient/