Mental Health in Children and Young Adults

Mental HealthChildren's HealthParenting
Written By Olivier Sanchez

Mental health problems in children are becoming increasingly prevalent in today's society. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 1 in 6 children aged 2 to 8 years old have a diagnosed mental, behavioural, or developmental disorder. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health disorders affect 10-20% of children worldwide, and this number is on the rise. In the United States alone, one in six children between the ages of 6 and 17 experience mental health problems, with anxiety and depression being the most common conditions. This increasing prevalence of mental health problems in children is a cause for concern, and it's important for parents to be aware of the signs and symptoms of mental health issues and how to support their children.

Causes of Mental Health Problems in Children

The reasons for the increasing prevalence of mental health problems in children are complex and multifaceted. Contributing factors may include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, such as trauma, abuse, or neglect, and changes in societal norms and expectations. The COVID-19 pandemic has also added to the burden, with increased stress and uncertainty impacting the mental health of children and their families.

Some common causes of mental health problems in children include:

  • Genetics: Mental health disorders can run in families, and children with a family history of mental illness may be at higher risk.

  • Trauma (ACEs): Exposure to traumatic events such as abuse, neglect, or violence can have a significant impact on a child's mental health.

  • Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as poverty, social isolation, and family conflict can also contribute to mental health problems in children.

Signs and Symptoms

Mental health problems in children can manifest in a variety of ways. These may include behavioural issues, such as acting out or aggression, difficulties with attention and concentration, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders. Later on, these may include substance abuse and sexual promiscuity.

It's important to note that mental health problems in children are not a reflection of poor parenting or a lack of discipline. Rather, they are complex conditions that require appropriate support and treatment.

It can be challenging to recognise the signs and symptoms of mental health problems in children, as they may not always express themselves clearly. However, some common signs and symptoms of mental health problems in children include:

  • Behaviour changes: Children who are experiencing mental health problems may exhibit changes in behaviour, such as becoming more withdrawn or developing aggressive behaviours.

  • Mood swings: Children with mental health problems may experience changes in mood, such as becoming more irritable, profoundly sad, anxious or scared for no apparent reason.

  • Difficulty concentrating (and school problems): Mental health problems can also affect a child's ability to concentrate, which can impact their schoolwork and daily activities.

  • Sleep problems: Children with mental health problems may experience changes in their sleep patterns, such as difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

Tips and Advice

As a parent or caregiver, there are several actionable tips you can use to support your child. These include:

  1. Encourage open communication: Create a safe and non-judgmental environment where your child feels comfortable expressing their feelings and concerns. This can help them feel heard and validated, which can promote positive mental health.

  2. Practice self-care: Taking care of your own mental health can have a positive impact on your child's mental health. Make time for self-care activities, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time with friends.

  3. Establish a routine: Consistent routines can help children feel safe and secure, which can promote positive mental health. Try to establish regular routines for sleeping, eating, and homework.

  4. Monitor screen time: Excessive screen time has been linked to increased mental health problems in children. Set limits on screen time and encourage alternative activities, such as outdoor play or creative projects.

  5. Seek professional help: If you suspect your child may be experiencing mental health problems, seek professional help. Mental health professionals can provide appropriate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.

  6. Search for local groups and organisations for support. There may be a multitude of support groups or local organisations that provide resources and support for families of children with mental health problems. Check with your council or doctor, or non-profit organization websites.

In Conclusion

If something is apparently wrong then the problem may be much deeper and inviting your child to talk to you is essential. If you feel the relationship with your child has changed and he/she has become more distant and withdrawn, then encourage family times and activities to increase bonding and openness. Never ever criticise or judge your kid for being open and honest. His/her experience is her own and the effect on their life as individual as your own responses to certain events.

Remember that your child are the best at mirroring you and your reactions, coping mechanisms (or lack of) and your words following certain events. This is for this very reason that family history of mental health is typically transgenerational.

Olivier Sanchez
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